Analysis of existing air monitoring technologies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34185/1562-9945-3-134-2021-08Keywords:
моніторинг, якість повітря, індекси якості повітряAbstract
Atmospheric air monitoring is a systematic, long-term assessment of the level of certain types of pollutants by measuring their amount in the open air. Atmospheric air monitoring is an integral part of an effective air quality management system and is carried out through environmental monitoring networks, which should support timely provision of public information about air pollution, support compliance with ambient air quality standards and development of emission strategies, support for air pollution research.
The work is devoted to existing air monitoring technologies: ground (sensors, diffusion tubes, etc.) and remote resources (satellites, aircraft, etc.). In addition, standards of air quality assessment (European and American) are described. As an example, we consider the European Air Quality Index (EAQI) and the Air Quality Index according to EPF standards: indicators by which these indices are calculated, the ranking of air status depending on the value of the index are described.
AQI (Air Quality Index) is used as an indicator of the impact of air on the human condition. The European Air Quality Index allows users to better understand air quality where they live, work or travel. By displaying information for Europe, users can gain an understanding of air quality in individual countries, regions and cities. The index is based on the values of the concentration of the five main pollutants, including particles less than 10μm (PM10), particles less than 2.5μm (PM2.5), ozone (O3); nitrogen dioxide (NO2); sulfur dioxide (SO2).
To conclude, ground stations give a more accurate picture of the state of the air at a point, while satellite image data with a certain error (due to cloud cover, etc.) can cover a larger area and solve the problem of coverage of stations in the area. There is no single standard for calculation. Today, the European Air Quality Index (EAQI) is used in Ukraine and Europe.
References
Ogen Y. Assessing nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels as a contributing factor to coronavirus (COVID-19) fatality [Electronic resource] / Science of The Total Environment – Resource access mode:
40 CFR Appendix D to Part 58 - Network Design Criteria for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring [Electronic resource] – Resource access mode:
https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/40/appendix-D_to_part_58.
40 CFR Part 50 - NATIONAL PRIMARY AND SECONDARY AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS [Electronic resource] – Resource access mode: https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/40/part-50.
Ambient Air Monitoring Protocol For PM2.5 and Ozone Canada-wide Standards for Particulate Matter and Ozone [Electronic resource] –
Resource access mode: https://www.ccme.ca/files/Resources/air/pm_ozone/pm_oz_cws_monitoring_protocol_pn1456_e.pdf.
2011/850/EU: Commission Implementing Decision of 12 December 2011 laying down rules for Directives 2004/107/EC and 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the reciprocal exchange of information and reporting on ambient air qual [Electronic resource] – Resource access mode: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32011D0850.
Assessment on siting criteria, classification and representativeness of air quality monitoring stations [Electronic resource] – Resource access mode: https://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pdf/SCREAM final.pdf
Air Monitoring, Measuring, and Emissions Research [Electronic resource] – Resource access mode: https://www.epa.gov/air-research/air-monitoring-measuring-and-emissions-research.
Satellite Observations Part II. Track Pollution from Space [Electronic resource] – Resource access mode: https://terra.nasa.gov/citizen-science/air-quality/part-ii-track-pollution-from-space.
WHO Air Quality Guidelines [Electronic resource] – Resource access mode: https://www.c40knowledgehub.org/s/article/WHO-Air-Quality-Guidelines?language=en_US.
State sanitary rules of protection of atmospheric air of settlements (from pollution by chemical and biological substances) [Electronic resource]. – Resource access mode: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/rada/show/v0201282-97/ed20000223.
Air quality standards [Electronic resource]. – 2019. – Resource access mode: https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/air-quality-concentrations/air-quality-standards.
OpenAQ [Electronic resource] – Resource access mode:
https://www.c40knowledgehub.org/s/article/OpenAQ?language=en_US.
About AirNow [Electronic resource] – Resource access mode:
