System technologies

Utilization of machine and their elements is actual science and practical task

V.S. Yeremenko — 2022-03-28

Basic physical and mechanical properties of heatcover composition material that is used for making of protective screens are experimentally investigated. For this pur-pose on the example of flowed plastic STEF executed (with the use of traditional charts) research at small (less than 1 m/s) and high (more than 3 m/s) rate-of-change of lad-ening. At small speeds of ladening durability of material was investigated at superficial deformation, tension, bend and change. At high speeds work of destruction and shock viscidity was determined. Organization and realization of experiments were done ac-cording to rules of planning experiments. All investigations were made with the using kinds of experimental equipment which had according certifications of control their quality and accuracy. Obtained results were treated by methods of mathematical statis-tics and researches of their dispersions. The results of experimental researches drawn on at the decision of concrete de-sign-engineering tasks, in particular, at development of equipment and choice of the modes of crushing of composition materials during their utilization (although, undoubt-edly, the obtained data have more wide value). For example, data of intruding conical elements in material were used for selecting optimal angles for working elements of equipment. Correlations between power parameters of intruding process were used for selecting power parameters of equipment for crushing of composition materials. Equipment and technology for crushing of composition materials during their uti-lization, which are designed on the base of these investigations, have new useful tech-nical and technological specialties, that is why, authors obtained document of intellec-tual property on this object.

Development of a dispenser toner dosing and its control algorith

O.O. Fursa — 2022-03-28

The object of the study is the toner dispenser. Due to the high demand for computer technology, there is a need for ancillary equipment that will meet the needs of today's world. Toner is a powder with a small particle size used in printing. Thanks to the mi-croparticles of this component, the printing industry has significantly improved the quality of the print. But with its dosage there are a number of problems. The general equipment for its dosing are dispensers. Dosage is a measurement of the required amount of product by weight, volume or piece. On a functional basis, toner dispensers are designed for accurate dosing from large containers to small ones. The dosing device must protect against toner dust or its emission. The measured amount of product is moved to the container or packaging material, and is called packaging. The range of required doses, compliance with the specified technological requirements during dosing, determines the use of dosing devices different in design and method of dosing. The paper analyzes and creates a working dosing device, screw type, they are used for dosing heavy products. It is difficult to ensure accurate dosing of products that are fluid and stick to-gether with little compression. The general technological parameters that must be con-trolled during the operation of the dispenser are weight, temperature and humidity. The operator who manages and monitors the technological process can change the load pro-gram, the amount of toner weight that is loaded into the container. During the opera-tion of the device, the air temperature must be monitored. After the end of the dosing cycle, the cleaning program is started by blowing the main components of the device with compressed air. The created dispenser allows to adequately describe the processes of controlled dosing movement and allows to investigate the dosing process in a contin-uous way. The algorithm is described and the structure of the automatic control system is developed, which provides the nominal load. A dispenser based on the ATmega328P microprocessor controller (IPC) based on the KEYSTUDIO UNO R3 board compatible with ARDUINO UNO REV3 is built. The ATmega16U2 microcontroller is used as a USB-UART interface, which allows to increase the data transfer rate. In this paper, thanks to a comprehensive approach to data analysis solved the problem of automating the pro-cess of dosing and analysis of methods of uniform loading.

Functional dependences between indicators of mechanical properties and tin-aluminum bronze chemical composition

T.V. Kimstach — 2022-03-28

Problem statement. Statistically significant relationships establishing between cast tin-aluminum bronze properties, as well as between bronze properties and its chemical composition will predict the level of its mechanical properties when poured into dry sand-sodium-silicate mold. Purpose. Functional relationships determination between mechanical properties of tin-aluminum bronze with tin and aluminum content of up to 6% each. Material and methods. Alloys for investigation have been prepared by melting of technical purity primary charge materials in crucible induction furnace using graphite crucible and charcoal as coating material. Studied alloys mechanical proper-ties have been calculated based on experimental samples tests results during their static expansion and impact bending at room temperature in accordance with actual stand-ards. Alloys chemical composition control has been carried out using precision analyzer EXPERT 4L on samples cut from club-shaped samples. Relationships between mechani-cal properties indicators, as well as mechanical properties and alloys chemical compo-sition have been built using EXEL computer program. Results and discussion. According to Cu-Sn-Al alloys examination results, functional dependences between mechanical properties and Sn and Al content from 1 to 6% by weight of each have been established. This makes it possible to predict mechanical properties level according to chemical composition of such bronze during casting. Conclusions. For the first time, relationships between cast tin-aluminum bronze mechanical properties have been established. This is at the stage of Cu-Sn-Al system bronze designing, with tin and aluminum up to 6% each content, allows predicting its mechanical properties level when pouring bronze in dry sand-sodium-silicate mold.

COMBINED SYSTEM OF AUTONOMOUS CONTROL AND ORIENTATION OF MOVEMENT OF THE OBJECT IN 3D SPACE

A. Dymchenko — 2022-03-28

The paper presents an analysis of the developments of the "Rocketry Agency Student Rock-et" project and identifies the main research directions for the development of this project. Prospects for the development of a research student project are the task of developing sub-orbital rockets with a flight altitude of 80, 100 or more kilometers. Flights to such altitudes are impossible without the use of monitoring and control systems, so an essential and high-priority task is development of a flight monitoring and control system for suborbital rockets with taking into account the caliber of the D-150 and D-300 launch vehicles. The analysis of modern monitoring and control systems has been carried out, the advantages and disad-vantages of these systems have been determined. The most attractive for use for suborbital rockets with the given caliber are autonomous guidance and television guidance systems. It is determined that the use of such control systems is impossible, both in terms of the di-mensions of the design itself, and the price category of the system as a whole. A new com-bined system of autonomous control and orientation of movement of volume in space, which is built on a combination of capabilities of television, inertial and mechanical systems, has been developed. regarding the determination and maintenance of the main vertical of the flight path of a suborbital rocket with a given caliber of the D-150 and D-300 launch vehicles.

ANALYSIS OF METHODOLOGIES FOR CARBON STOCK ESTIMATION IN FORESTS

O.O. Kavats — 2022-03-28

Current approaches to carbon stock estimation in forest ecosystems are discussed. Datasets containing biomass and carbon stock estimates that can be used for training/validation in machine learning are described. Examples of applying the remote approach to assessing forest biomass over large areas are analyzed. To estimate the forest carbon stocks in Ukraine, the most promising is the remote approach, which combines ground-based and satellite measurements for forest classification and statistical modeling of carbon stocks. For training and validation of machine learning algorithms, it is proposed to use the GEDI Biomass Map covering most of the territory of Ukraine — from the southern borders to the latitude of Chernihiv in the north. A prototype of forest biomass estimating product in Ukraine can be based on publicly available MODIS NBAR data, SRTM DEM, ECMWF climate data and use the Random Forest machine learning method.

Fuzzy type-2 in the task of increasing the reliability of image segmentation

L.H. Akhmetshyna — 2022-03-28

To study the macro- and microstructure of alloys, enlarged images of specially prepared samples are used, which leads to increasing of the noise component and de-fects contribution. This requires the usage of image correction techniques to ensure the accuracy of photometry. This paper describes the possibilities of increasing the reliabil-ity of image segmentation and the clarity of identifying the boundaries of objects of in-terest through the usage at the stage of fuzzification the membership functions of type-2. The presented algorithm contains 3 steps. On the first step initial image is prepro-cessed in the next way: at first, the brightness of the initial image is decreased propor-tionally on the base of the power transformation usage; after that background restora-tion and alignment process is performed; after the end of this process the brightness of obtained image is increased proportionally on the base of the power transformation us-age. On the second step of the proposed algorithm the image obtained after prepro-cessing is interpreted as membership function of type-1 and membership function of type-2 is calculated on the base of this image taking into account its brightness charac-teristics. On the last step of the proposed in this paper algorithm the output image is formed on the base of the membership function of type-2. During calculating of the out-put image, we are performing its contrast enhancement. This paper proposes different ways of calculating membership function of type-2 and forming of the resulting image and compares the obtained results. The proposed method of adaptive calculation of the parameters of the transition to the type-2 space provides increased reliability and clari-ty of detection of object boundaries. Experimental results are given on the example of a real image of an electron microscope of an iron alloy sample and show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

High-speed magnetolevitatve land transport with power supply by distributed photoelectric energy system with perspective energy storage

V.O. Dzenzerskyi — 2022-03-28

Among the various types of high-speed land transport a magnetic levitation transport (magnetoplanes) is recognized as the most promising, so research related to the improvement of this type of transport is relevant. The work is devoted to the integra-tion of three promising research technologies: magnetolevitative transport, photoelec-tric energy conversion and phase-metric radionavigation. It is this integration, i.e. the essential interpenetration of these three subsystems, results in an overall synergistic ef-fect. Achieving the goals of sustainable development of the national economic complex within the framework of traditional transport and energy technologies is problematic, as energy consumption of transport systems exceeds one third of energy consumption, and the fastest mode of transport – an air transport is one of the leading air pollutants. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to substantiate a promising way to solve this problem by combining in a single system of renewable energy technologies and magne-tolevitative transport. The methods of system analysis and decomposition, statistical analysis of solar insolation, radiophysical experiment, computer modeling of photovol-taic energy converters, algorithmization of current control processes and forecasting the energy storage devices state are involved. The result of the research is the development of physical and technical bases for the improvement of magnetolevitative transport. Conclusion: by combining in a single system of renewable energy technologies and mag-netic levitation transport it is possible to create a system of all-weather guaranteed power supply based on solar energy and a reliable precision high-speed control system in real time.

Adaptive tools for formation of the knowledge base of information and analytical system of training scientific staff

M. L. Rostoka — 2022-03-28

The author emphasizes the urgency of preserving the integrity of the scientific and educational process for the training of highly qualified personnel in higher education universities and research institutions. It is noted that the consequences of force majeure, including quarantine from the COVID-19 pandemic and the current martial law in Ukraine, cause some adjustments in the organization of training of scientific staff. In this regard, it is likely that the problem of creating a fundamentally new information-analytical system (IAS), which in this vector will include a specific knowledge base fol-lowing the requests of research users – subjects of scientific training. Thus, the article aims to present the results of the doctoral research, in particular on the intermediate content analysis of scientific, information and reference, educational and methodologi-cal and other literature sources and practice-oriented resources on the development of information technology and systems and their adaptive transfer, which will contribute to the accumulation of analytical information and its digitization. Emphasis is placed on the rationality of creation and use of intelligent IAS based on the formed specific knowledge bases using semantic technologies and ontological modelling. This is due to the existence of a large amount of diverse analytical information, based on which the issues of any research, which in the context of training is a mandatory component of sci-entific and educational activities of applicants for scientific education (undergraduates, graduate and doctoral researchers, etc.). It is claimed that a modern researcher will be able to master modern tools and expert technologies of information and analytical ac-tivities. A brief description of the adaptive tools with which the formation of a specific knowledge base in the IAS of training of scientific staff is presented. It is noted that se-mantic and ontological approaches are the most effective in this regard for building in-formation systems, in particular those related to the development of information-analytical competence of applicants for scientific education.

On the question of determining the quantity of energy necessary for the disintegra-tion of rocks to a certain size

M.H. Malich — 2022-03-28

An analysis of the existing classical theories of determining the amount of energy re-quired for the disintegration of solid bodies is carried out. The classical energy hypothe-ses of the destruction of Rittinger, Kick-Kirpychev and Bond can be combined by the formula of the so-called generalizing hypothesis , where E1 is the specific energy transmitted per unit volume of the body , which is collapsing. It is necessary to increase the energy of the newly created surface; k - proportionality factor; x - average grain diameter; f(x) is an exponent that depends on the size of the particles. The geo-metric interpretation of the generalizing hypothesis and theoretical and empirical equa-tions of Rittinger, Kick, Kirpychov, Bond, Svensson, Holmes and other authors is shown and it is argued that they complement each other for different degrees of fragmentation. The thermodynamic theory of L. Jingezian and the theory of A. Andreazen are also ana-lyzed. It was concluded that the presented crushing hypotheses are valid for simplified models of destruction based on the geometric similarity of the particles that are de-stroyed and the products of destruction and their physical identity, in the absence of de-fects in the structure of bodies, therefore the need to create a generalized and reliable mathematical model that reveals the main regularities of these processes taking into account the share of internal and especially external friction. The authors, under the guidance of Professor Vasiliev L.M. a new theory of local destruction of rock with symmetric and asymmetric distribution of contact tangential stresses has been developed, which theoretically provides a reduction in the specific en-ergy of destruction by 40-45 times, which makes it possible to search for new ways of controlling the disintegration process with the lowest energy consumption.

Design of an architecture for storing a time connected model of a digital twin

Ya.Y. Zgurovsky — 2022-03-28

Recently, in connection with the development of information technology, digital twin technology has become widespread, which allows replacing physical and analog resources with digital ones. The digital twin is also a relevant and effective method of real-time interaction. However, with a wealth of real-time data and information from the digital twin, it is difficult to present them intuitively to users and operators. A digital twin for the study of an arbitrary object can formally be represented as mathematical abstractions designed for efficient processing of temporal multimodal da-ta of the object under study. Based on the above abstractions and their application for the formal specification of the digital twin, the so-called multiimage is built, which ac-tually provides a formal description of the sequences of multimodal data about the ob-ject under study, obtained taking into account time as a result of measurement, genera-tion and other related data acquisition operations. As a result of the study, a sequence of discrete states of the object under study is formed, each of which can be characterized by a set of temporal multimodal data associated with a specific moment in time, which actually serves as a temporal key for a certain state of the object. The purpose of the study is to design the architecture of a software system for stor-ing and then reproducing a temporal connected model using a database designed to store time series data. TimescaleDB, a relational database for time series data, is pro-posed as the main data storage engine. The main challenges for a database that must process a large amount of temporary data is its scalability - to process and store a large amount of data without performance degradation. The proposed method for building a temporal connected model of a digital twin based on TimescaleDB using the concept of hypertables will achieve efficient use of re-sources by parallelizing the load when searching for data, and a three-level architec-ture designed to distribute the responsibilities of a software system can greatly simplify the implementation and subsequent processing of a temporal model of a digital twin.

Algorithms of direct transformation of a position number to the system of residual classes and its inverse transformation

Yu.D. Poliskyi — 2022-03-28

Increasing the speed of computer structures is associated with the involvement of new principles based on the use of the number system of residual classes. When performing a number of computational operations using a non-positional number system of residual classes, the problem of direct conversion of numbers from the positional number system to the number system of residual classes and the reverse conversion of numbers from the number system of residual classes to the positional one is solved. system. A number of works contain methods for implementing these operations of varying complexity, but their solution is far from perfect. The results of the study indicate the possibility of obtaining a more efficient solution that simplifies the practical implementation of operations for direct conversion of numbers from the positional number system to the number system of residual classes and inverse conversion of numbers. The aim of the study is to analyze the implementation of the operations of direct conversion of numbers from the positional number system to the number system of residual classes and the reverse conversion of numbers. The tools of the research methodology are system analysis, number theory and the Chinese remainder theorem. The research methodology consists in the analysis of special tables of residues by modules. An algorithm for performing complex operations based on the use of a polyadic code of a number presented in the number system of residual classes is proposed. A simple and efficient approach is proposed using iterative table operations with residuals. For each value of the given residuals, the constants are obtained by a simple selection from the corresponding table.The method underlying the implementation of these complex operations is to sum the chosen constants to the desired value, while the corresponding constants are subtracted from the values of the known remainders until the latter vanishes. The method is algorithmically simple and uncomplicated for circuit implementation, and it should be considered as one of the areas of research to improve the efficiency of computations in the system of residual classes.

DATABASE FOR NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF GAS FLOWS IN A GAS JET GRINDER

N. Pryadko — 2022-03-28

The process of material jet grinding is analyzed from the point of view of the granulometric material composition changing in the main elements of the grinding plant. A database of dependencies connecting the technological parameters of the process and the acoustic sig-nal characteristics of the mill operating zones has been created. The advantage of the ap-proach to building mathematical models and creating an automatic control system based on the developed database is the ability to accurately describe most of the factors affecting the grinding efficiency, the possibility of describing with the necessary details for specific mate-rial grinding and obtaining the required size of the ready product. The use of connections between acoustic signals and technological parameters makes it possible to take into ac-count the patterns of changes in the material particle size distribution during the passage of the flow in the grinding plant channels and respond to changes in the product quality or the grinding mode on-line, without wasting time on transport delays.

Safety of critical infrastructure objects from the positions of risk effectiveness reduction

Yu.S. Tarasenko — 2022-03-28

In the Ukrainian standards of general risk assessment, according to analogues within ISO, safety aspects are mainly informative. Therefore, both the quality of risk as-sessment and the reduction of its negative consequences (risk effectiveness) depend on the proper use of methods and techniques. that is why in order to prevent unauthorized physical and information access, ie any damage and interference with loss of confiden-tiality, integrity, accessibility, observation, authenticity and reliability of both official information of the organization and the integrity of the production system of the organi-zation with their facilityes of obtaining, processing and storing information, it is neces-sary to make the correct choice of risk assessment method and further ensure the proper implementation of protection in accordance with the reduction of risk effectiveness. The purpose of the work is to substantiate and analyze the proposed structural and linguistic scheme of the methodology of construction of the System of protection and safety of critical infrastructure objects (CIO) from the standpoint of risk effectiveness. From the point of view of reduction of hypothetical negative consequences from risks for regular of CIO the conditions for potential risk criteria are given and the Sys-tem of risk assessment of the security of the set of critical infrastructure objects (SCIO) is considered with access to it, which includes subsystems of: the Ukrainian standards of general risk assessment, declared methods of general risk assessment; assessment of se-curity losses according to confidentiality, integrity, accessibility, observation, authen-ticity, reliability and stability of protection boundaries; filtering of these risks and sup-porting decision-making on access control to SCIO. The advisability of the increased obligations concerning reliability and safety of measuring instruments is proved in order to strict requirements for cybersecurity risk assessment in terms of realization the prin-ciple of uncertainty while ensuring the metrological reliability of measurements.

Experimental modeling mechanical qualities of heatcover screens

A.H. Yasev — 2022-03-28

Basic physical and mechanical properties of heatcover composition material that is used for making of protective screens are experimentally investigated. For this purpose on the example of flowed plastic STEF executed (with the use of traditional charts) research at small (less than 1 m/s) and high (more than 3 m/s) rate-of-change of ladening. At small speeds of ladening durability of material was investigated at superficial deformation, tension, bend and change. At high speeds work of destruction and shock viscidity was determined. Organization and realization of experiments were done according to rules of planning experiments. All investigations were made with the using kinds of experimental equipment which had according certifications of control their quality and accuracy. Obtained results were treated by methods of mathematical statistics and researches of their dispersions. The results of experimental researches drawn on at the decision of concrete design-engineering tasks, in particular, at development of equipment and choice of the modes of crushing of composition materials during their utilization (although, undoubtedly, the obtained data have more wide value). For example, data of intruding conical elements in material were used for selecting optimal angles for working elements of equipment. Correlations between power parameters of intruding process were used for selecting power parameters of equipment for crushing of composition materials. Equipment and technology for crushing of composition materials during their utilization, which are designed on the base of these investigations, have new useful technical and technological specialties, that is why, authors obtained document of intellectual property on this object.

Development of the appraisal system for the website interface based on fuzzy logic

K.Iu. Ostrovska — 2022-03-28

Designing a human-machine interface is an invisible and important task in the software security life cycle. Depending on the results of the project of the deposit, the rhubarb of the dryness of the coristuvachіv pіd hour of the vikorіstanny of the product. At the moment, there are different approaches to evaluating the usability of sites with an inspection of the content of the page, their design, the placement of elements of cura-tion, etc. But a complex software product that evaluates the bi-usability of any pro-ponated site, so far nothing. Thus, the task of automated website usability evaluation is relevant. The method of robots is the development of system interfaces for websites based on fuzzy logic. For reachability, the following tasks were decided: 1) to make lin-guistic changes to assess the usability of the site interface; 2) to develop and implement the algorithm of the parser of the conditional code of the HTML page for constructing the terms of linguistic snakes; 3) compiling a questionnaire for checking usability on the site for experts and providing a questionnaire; 4) development of an algorithm for fuzzy derivation of assessments of the usability of the site interface; 5) development of a data-base of estimates; 6) to develop, implement and test at a strict level programs for evalu-ating usability in the interface of sites. The starting speed of a website without mediation is entered by the number of its guard assistants, for sale, as such, the functioning is transferred to this site, to the sat-isfaction level of assistants from robots from the site. The movement of usability can be carried out according to formal evaluation criteria, as linked to certain system rules of fuzzy logic. As part of the robot, a system was developed that determines usability in the site interface based on fuzzy logic rules.