Additive technologies in the creation of rocket engines with variable specific impulse: modern approaches and perspectives
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34185/1562-9945-2-163-2026-08Keywords:
additive manufacturing, 3D printing, SLM, DED EBM, topological optimization, functional gradient materials, cooling channels, modular nozzlesAbstract
The article examines the prospects of using additive technologies (3D printing) in the design and manufacture of rocket engines with variable specific impulse, which is one of the priority areas of development in the modern rocket and space industry. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to increase the efficiency, adaptability and reliability of power plants in conditions of variable thermogasdynamic and mechanical loads. The purpose of the work is to analyze the possibilities and limitations of using additive manufacturing to create high-tech components of engines with variable specific impulse. The research methodology is based on an interdisciplinary approach using mathematical modeling of heat transfer processes, optimization of the geometry of engine elements and analysis of physical and mechanical properties of materials suitable for SLM, DED and EBM technologies. As a result of the research, it was proven that the use of additive technologies allows creating light, strong and heat-resistant structures with variable geometry, capable of providing variations in thrust and increasing specific impulse. The key conclusion is the expediency of introducing additive manufacturing as a tool for forming adaptive rocket engines of a new generation and developing the innovative potential of domestic engine engineering. At the same time, Additive technologies in Ukraine have already begun to be implemented in the production of rocket engines with variable specific impulse, mostly at the stage of prototyping and manufacturing of individual complex parts. Despite the significant challenges associated with economic restrictions, military actions and technological dependence on imports, the prospects for the development of this industry are strong. To achieve sustainable progress, it is necessary to focus on the localization of production, the development of the scientific and technical base, the training of highly qualified personnel and the introduction of digital tools into production processes. Such a comprehensive approach will allow to increase the technological independence of Ukraine, strengthen the defense capability and ensure competitiveness at the international level in the conditions of modern challenges
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