Mathematical modeling of the wireless data transmission process in energy monitoring networks

Abstract

Reliable accounting of electricity consumption is an urgent task in terms of improving energy efficiency in both industry and housing and communal services. The main advantages of wireless sensor networks (WSN) are low cost, fast installation, long operation time, low maintenance cost. Among the main problems that arise during the operation of the WSN can be identified: the instability of the radio channel, the failure of network nodes due to energy consumption, attacks on the network. In the case of a stationary WSN operating in a limited area and serving a fixed number of objects, the network nodes are "tied" to the objects. The structure of the network is determined in the planning process, but it can change when the network nodes fail. To date, WSN nodes provide a long time of network operation - several years. However, when planning a network for a long period, it is impossible to be absolutely sure that its structure will not change in the future. The main reason for the loss of functionality is the loss of network connectivity, which leads to a reduction in its lifetime. The paper proposes a mathematical model of the process of wireless data transmission in an automated energy monitoring system. It is proved that, given the energy intensity of the data transmission process, it is the control of message sizes that is the main reserve for increasing the life of devices and the system as a whole. The analysis allows us to conclude that efficient transmission uses at least 50% of total energy. The detection mechanism uses 15% of energy, mainly due to the need to activate the receiver while waiting for confirmation. 20% of energy is spent on listening to beacons. Based on the energy balance of the transceiver, you can see several key ways to increase the overall energy efficiency of wireless networks. Specific methods include reducing the transition time between states and creating a scalable receiver at the physical level of the device, which requires a change in the firmware of the standard transceiver. At the same time, halving the transition time between states will reduce the total average power by 12%. Given the energy consumption of the data transmission process, it is the management of message sizes is the main reserve for increasing the life of devices and the system as a whole.