DYNAMIC MODELING OF INDUCTION MOTOR PERFORMANCE UNDER POWER QUALITY DISTURBANCES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34185/1991-7848.2026.01.14Keywords:
asynchronous motor, power quality, dynamic model, voltage asymmetry, harmonic distortion, electromagnetic simulation, efficiencyAbstract
The paper presents a dynamic electromagnetic model of a three-phase squirrel-cage asynchronous motor developed to simulate its operation under real power quality disturbances. The relevance of this work is driven by the increasing impact of electromagnetic compatibility issues and energy losses in industrial systems exposed to voltage asymmetry and harmonic distortion–conditions typical for networks with nonlinear loads such as welding equipment, arc furnaces, and frequency converters.
Traditional motor models, which assume ideal supply conditions, are not sufficient for accurately predicting performance degradation under such disturbances. To address this limitation, the proposed model is based on space-time complexes and an extended form of the Park–Gorev equations. A key feature of the model is the inclusion of magnetic core saturation, represented through a polynomial dependence of mutual inductance on magnetizing current, enabling more realistic simulation under high-load and unbalanced conditions.
The model was tested on an MTKH 112-6 motor (5.3 kW) under two scenarios: ideal sinusoidal voltage and distorted asymmetric supply with harmonics up to the 10th order. The results showed that voltage distortion leads to increased losses in the stator (from 491.3 W to 498.3 W) and rotor (from 652.2 W to 661.5 W), a decrease in efficiency (from 81.4% to 81.2%), and a significant drop in power factor (from 0.98 to 0.90). Additionally, distorted current waveforms and torque pulsations confirmed higher electromagnetic stress.
The model demonstrated strong agreement with experimental data (RMSE < 4%), confirming its reliability for applications in diagnostics, predictive maintenance, digital twins, and simulation environments. Unlike traditional Fourier-based approaches, the use of space-time complexes enables comprehensive modeling of both steady-state and transient processes without explicit harmonic decomposition.
This research contributes to the development of energy-efficient and intelligent industrial systems. Future work will focus on incorporating stochastic elements to account for dynamic variations in power quality, supporting predictive control and advanced automation within Industry 4.0.
References
Bykhovsky, D. (2022). Experimental Lognormal Modeling of Harmonics Power of Switched-Mode Power Supplies. Energies, 15(2), 653. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15020653
Sinvula, R., Abo-Al-Ez, K. M., & Kahn, M. T. (2020). A Proposed Harmonic Monitoring System for Large Power Users Considering Harmonic Limits. Energies, 13(17), 4507. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13174507
Pedra, J. Estimation of typical squirrel-cage induction motor parameters for dynamic performance simulation [Text]. IEEE Proceedings on Generation, Transmission and Distribution. 2006. Vol. 153, Issue 2. p. 197. DOI: 10.1049/ip-gtd:20045209.
Krishnan, R. (2010). Electric Motor Drives – Modeling, Analysis and Control [Text]. PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi. 626 p.
Kuznetsov Vitaliy, Tryputen Nikolay, Kuznetsova Yevheniia. (2019). Evaluating the effect of electric power quality upon the efficiency of electric power consumption. 2019 IEEE 2nd Ukraine Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering. pp. 556-561.
Kuznetsov, V., Nikolenko, A. (2015). Models of operating asynchronous engines at poor-quality electricity. EasternEuropean Journal of Enterprise Technologies. Vol 1, No. 8(73) ENERGY-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES AND EQUIPMENT. Pages: 37 - 42. DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2015.36755.
Serdiuk Tetiana, Kuznetsov Vitaliy, Kuznetsova Yevheniia. (2018). About electromagnetic compatibility of rail circuits with the traction supply system of railway. 2018 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Energy and Power Systems (IEPS). Kharkiv, Ukraine. рр. 59 – 63.
Gnaciński, P., Gorniak, M., & Tarasiuk, T. (2026). Energy-Efficient Operation of Industrial Induction Motors Exposed to Multiple Power Quality Disturbances. Energies, 19(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19010026
Konuhova, M. (2025). Modeling of Induction Motor Response to Voltage Sags with Re-Acceleration Analysis. Energies, 18(21), 5682. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18215682
Varetsky, Y., & Gajdzica, M. (2024). Power Compatibility of Induction Motors in Industrial Grids Containing Synchronous Generators. Energies, 17(5), 1066. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17051066
Gnaciński, P., Pepliński, M., Muc, A., & Hallmann, D. (2024). Induction Motors Under Voltage Unbalance Combined with Voltage Subharmonics. Energies, 17(24), 6324. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17246324
Gnaciński, P., Hallmann, D., Muc, A., Klimczak, P., & Pepliński, M. (2022). Induction Motor Supplied with Voltage Containing Symmetrical Subharmonics and Interharmonics. Energies, 15(20), 7712. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207712
Gnaciński, P., Hallmann, D., Klimczak, P., Muc, A., & Pepliński, M. (2022). Effects of Negative Sequence Voltage Subharmonics on Cage Induction Motors. Energies, 15(23), 8797. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15238797
Drabek, T. (2023). Derating of Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors Due to High Harmonics in Supply Voltage. Energies, 16(18), 6604. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16186604
Gudiño-Ochoa, A., Jalomo-Cuevas, J., Molinar-Solís, J. E., & Ochoa-Ornelas, R. (2023). Analysis of Interharmonics Generation in Induction Motors Driven by Variable Frequency Drives and AC Choppers. Energies, 16(14), 5538. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16145538
Guasch-Pesquer, L., García-Ríos, S., Jaramillo-Matta, A. A., & Vidal-Idiarte, E. (2022). Improved Method for Determining Voltage Unbalance Factor Using Induction Motors. Energies, 15(23), 9232. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15239232
Muñoz Tabora, J., de Lima Tostes, M. E., Ortiz de Matos, E., Mota Soares, T., & Bezerra, U. H. (2020). Voltage Harmonic Impacts on Electric Motors: A Comparison between IE2, IE3 and IE4 Induction Motor Classes. Energies, 13(13), 3333. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13133333
W. H. Hayt, J. E. Kemmerly, J. D. Phillips, and S. M. Durbin, Engineering Circuit Analysis, 10th ed. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 2023.
V. Havryliuk, Modelling of the return traction current harmonics distribution in rails for AC electric railway system. 2018 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC EUROPE), IEEE, 2018, pp. 251-254.
V. Havryliuk. Audio Frequency Track Circuits Monitoring Based on Wavelet Transform and Artificial Neural Network Classifier . 2019 IEEE 2nd Ukraine Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2019. Lviv, Ukraine, July 2-6, pp. 491-496.
M. H. Gmiden and H. Trabelsi, "Calculation of two-axis induction motor model using Finite Elements with coupled circuit," 2009 6th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices, Djerba, Tunisia, 2009, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/SSD.2009.4956785.
Ogar, V.А. (2004). Estimation of nonlinearity of inductance of a winder with steel using energy method [Text]. Messenger of KrSPU. Publication 2/2004 (25). pp.78-84.
J. F. Gieras, Electrical Machines: Fundamentals of Electromechanical Energy Conversion. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2016. doi:10.1201/9781315371429
GOST 7217-87 Electric rotating equipment. Asynchronous motors. Testing procedures.
Valerii Tytiuk, Oleksii Chornyi, Mila Baranovskaya, Serhii Serhiienko, Iurii Zachepa, Leonid Tsvirkun, Vitaliy Kuznetsov, Nikolay Tryputen. (2019). Synthesis of a fractional-order piλdμ-controller for a closed system of switched reluctance motor control. EasternEuropean Journal of Enterprise Technologies. Vol. 2, No. 2(98), pp. 35–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2019.160946.
Kuznetsov, V., Spirintsev, D., Shlykov, S., Herashchenko, A., & Kryvenko, O. (2025). Impact of Power Quality on Induction Motor Performance: A Dynamic Modeling Approach. Modern Problems of Modeling, (27), 136–148. https://doi.org/10.33842/2313-125X-2025-19-136-148
Kovalenko, V., Kachura, O., Sprysa, V. B., Hulesha, O., Trykilo, A., Kopysov, V. I., & Bashko, V. R. (2025). Analysis of the Combined Impact of Power Quality Parameters on the Operating Characteristics of an Induction Motor. Modern Problems of Modeling, (27), 60–72. https://doi.org/10.33842/2313-125X-2025-19-60-72
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Modern Problems of Metallurgy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
